In the behaviorism learning theory, how are learners typically perceived?

In behaviorism learning theory, learners are viewed primarily as passive recipients of knowledge. This perspective is rooted in the belief that learning occurs through observable changes in behavior that result from external stimuli and reinforcement. According to behaviorism, knowledge is imparted by an instructor or through environmental factors, and learners respond to this input, often without engaging in higher-level cognitive processes such as analysis or critical thinking.

Behaviorism emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior, suggesting that learning is a result of conditioning rather than active engagement or personal agency. This framework aligns with the notion that learners do not actively create knowledge but rather absorb and respond to information delivered to them.