What type of evaluation is conducted after instruction to measure students' final achievement?

The choice of summative evaluation as the correct answer is based on its specific purpose in the educational process. Summative evaluations are conducted after the instructional phase, providing insight into what students have learned and how well they have achieved the learning objectives outlined at the beginning of a course or training.

This type of evaluation typically occurs at the end of an instructional unit or program, using methods such as final exams, projects, or performance assessments to gauge overall understanding and mastery of the content. The results are often used to assign grades and determine whether students have met the necessary standards for progression.

In contrast, formative evaluation occurs during the instructional process, aiming to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback that can be used to improve teaching and learning. Diagnostic evaluation is used before instruction to identify students' existing knowledge and skills, while comparative evaluation involves assessing performance against a standard or other groups rather than measuring final achievement directly. Each of these other evaluation types serves a distinct purpose within the educational framework, highlighting why summative evaluation is the most appropriate choice to assess final student achievement.